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Serliaida Fitri
Journal of Business Management and Entrepreneurship (2026)
Purpose: This review asks what the literature published between 2015 and 2026 establishes about value-chain upgrading in Indonesian specialty coffee, taking Gayo arabica from the Aceh highlands as the focal case, and what that evidence implies for cooperatives and coffee entrepreneurs at a moment of record prices and impending European Union deforestation rules.Design/methodology/approach: A structured narrative review was conducted on 8 October 2026. Thirteen completed queries of Crossref and the Directory of Open Access Journals returned 434 records screened by title; 51 studies were retained (22 on Gayo or Aceh, 29 comparators from other Indonesian origins) and coded by theme, method, sample and outcome. The studies are read against the latest production, export and price figures and the regulatory timetable as it stood in October 2026.Findings: Certification raises farm-gate prices in Gayo, but the gains do not translate into higher household expenditure or materially lower poverty. Geographical indication premiums are documented elsewhere in Indonesia but have not been estimated for Gayo. Cooperatives function mainly as certification and export gateways; their governance and finances are thinly studied. Price-transmission evidence is national, not origin-specific, and downstream processing research rests on single-firm cases. Spatial work suggests most Central Aceh coffee farms are deforestation-free, yet no study examines who will hold the compliance data.Originality/value: The review reframes upgrading in Gayo as three layers (reputational, assurance and functional), advances five propositions on where value is captured, and translates them into decisions for cooperative managers and entrepreneurs.